中文版丨Chinese
▼
【競賽題目】
自然地景的建筑
【出題人】
王維仁
王維仁建筑研究室主持人
香港大學建筑系教授
【題旨】
當下全球建筑共同面對的關鍵性挑戰(zhàn)是：建筑和人如何與自然共生。數(shù)百年來發(fā)展模式經(jīng)濟對自然的無盡消費，當森林逐漸開墾為農(nóng)田再轉變?yōu)榻ㄖ?，在氣候暖化生態(tài)環(huán)境日益脆弱的危機中，建筑和人該如何與自然共生？面對全球資源剝奪與社會公正的挑戰(zhàn)，建筑應該如何尊重人與社區(qū)、自然與生態(tài)，反映一個資源循環(huán)共享的社會？
經(jīng)過近半個世紀的城市化發(fā)展，中國建筑與城市擴張的數(shù)量與速度，是人類歷史上前所未有的。當我們逐步將阡陌交通的農(nóng)業(yè)地景與小橋流水人家的文化地景，改變?yōu)榍宦伞叭ㄋ钠健钡囊?guī)劃用地條件，無論我們增加多少綠建筑和日照間距的規(guī)范指標，我們距離自然生態(tài)的建筑理想，其實是越來越遠了。繼承了自然哲學與文人山水的文化，面對21世紀的全球生態(tài)與環(huán)境危機，作為發(fā)展先鋒的中國新建筑，除了規(guī)模、技術與形象，能對世界建筑環(huán)境的永續(xù)發(fā)展提出什么樣的論述？
地景的建筑讓地景與建筑成為整體，強調以地質地形、風水水文、植物與有機生命共同形成的生態(tài)關系。超越以觀賞為主體的園林景觀建筑，地景的建筑讓建筑成為能反映自然與生態(tài)、生產(chǎn)與人居的人文地景。地景的建筑同時也是建筑地景與景觀建筑，建筑不但對地形等高線的高程變換保持敏銳，理解地表和地下的水流變換，掌握陽光陰影的移動與四季風向的變化，同時也對大樹與林木、蟲鳥與花草，保持視覺、聽覺與嗅覺的靈敏。
地景的建筑不只是重視地景形成的視覺整體，同時強調經(jīng)由通風和采光、水和能源的循環(huán)，與自然生態(tài)形成的功能整合。地景的建筑同時思考與自然結合的構造與材料，探索建構的可持續(xù)合理性與詩意美學。地景的建筑經(jīng)常是低層的，卻也采用多層或高層作為一種策略，節(jié)約土地保育更多的自然地景。地景的建筑是現(xiàn)象學與感知的，是記憶和場所感的自然地景；地景的建筑反映真與善的自然美感，讓簡單樸質的文化成為自然生態(tài)的一部分；地景的建筑同時也強調開放公正的社會性美學，讓參與的公共性成為保育自然的基礎。
在一個大約10000平方米范圍，你能理解地景變遷與地文軌跡的城鄉(xiāng)環(huán)境里，無論它是自然環(huán)繞的場所或是城市中局部保留的自然地景，避開不宜建筑的生態(tài)敏感區(qū)，選擇一塊面積約1000平方米的建筑場地，探索場所中有意義的自然元素與文化地景：山坡谷地、大樹田野、溪流湖泊、蟲鳥魚蛙、農(nóng)舍石墻……在這塊1000平方米的建筑場地內(nèi)，設計一棟或一組面積不少于100平方米，不超過1000平方米，不低于兩層樓高的建筑，或居住，或工作，或學習，或體驗，思考如何讓建筑與自然生態(tài)與地景環(huán)境共生。在設計里表達建筑空間與場地與地形、樹木、水土、氣候等自然元素的互動，想象朝夕與四時節(jié)氣的變換，水文與風向如何在貫穿建筑，陽光與遮陰如何在建筑里游移，建筑如何遮風避雨而同時吸納吐氣。
更重要的是，想象在一百年之后的人事更易，建筑如何維系場所的自然地景，面對新人新事與環(huán)境永續(xù)和自然共生。
參考閱讀:
-麥克哈格：設計結合自然（大海與生存；城市：過程與形式）.
-凱文·林奇：總體設計（2.場地的分析；9.感覺的形式）.
-諾伯格-舒爾茨：場所精神：邁向建筑現(xiàn)象學（I場所；II自然場所）.
-弗蘭姆普敦：走向批判的地域主義：抵抗建筑學的六個要點.
評審委員會主任
王建國
中國工程院院士
教育部高等學校建筑類專業(yè)教學指導委員會主任委員
東南大學建筑學院教授
《建筑師》雜志編委會主任
評審委員
莊惟敏
中國工程院院士
清華大學建筑學院院長、教授
清華大學建筑設計研究院院長兼總建筑師
王維仁
王維仁建筑研究室主持人
香港大學建筑系教授
李存東
中國建筑學會秘書長
中國建設科技集團總監(jiān)
童明
同濟大學建筑與城市規(guī)劃學院教授
上海梓耘齋建筑工作室主持建筑師
董功
直向建筑事務所創(chuàng)始人/主持建筑師
法國建筑科學院外籍院士
美國伊利諾大學杰出教授
張鵬舉
全國工程勘察設計大師
內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)大學建筑學院教授
李少云
廣州市天作建筑規(guī)劃設計有限公司總經(jīng)理、設計總監(jiān)
李鴿
中國建筑出版?zhèn)髅接邢薰尽督ㄖ煛冯s志主編
獎項設置
一等獎1名獎勵證書＋捌萬元人民幣整
二等獎2名獎勵證書＋伍萬元人民幣整
三等獎5名獎勵證書＋壹萬元人民幣整
佳作獎10名獎勵證書＋《建筑師》全年雜志六期
【作品提交】
提交內(nèi)容：
1.參賽圖紙（jpg格式）：表達1000平方米場地設計的總平面圖，表達10000平方米范圍的環(huán)境關系圖，表達場地建筑與自然地景的剖面透視圖，表達空間形式與地景關系的模型圖紙或照片，建筑的平面圖、立面圖、剖面圖，及作者認為必要的表達設計理念和策略的其他圖紙或照片等，以及500字以內(nèi)的設計說明。以上各圖及設計說明均須安排在一張豎向構圖、A0尺寸（1189mm×841mm）的圖紙之內(nèi)；圖紙比例自定；圖面表現(xiàn)方法不限；參賽圖紙保留高精度，分辨率控制在300dpi以上。
2.設計說明（word文件）：控制在500字以內(nèi)。
3.作者信息回執(zhí)表（excel文件）：請通過《建筑師》雜志官網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)“下載專區(qū)”下載
（http://thearchitect.cabp.com.cn/ch/index.aspx）。
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（http://thearchitect.cabp.com.cn/ch/index.aspx），打印、手寫簽名后，回傳掃描件。
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提交方法：
請將全部提交內(nèi)容通過“附件”發(fā)送至競賽官方郵箱thearchitect1979 cabp.com.cn。郵件及附件統(tǒng)一命名格式：【參賽編號】所在院校-姓名-聯(lián)系電話。
截止日期：
2020年9月8日17:00前（以郵件發(fā)送時間為準，主辦方會在截止日期之后統(tǒng)一發(fā)送確認郵件）。
參賽資格：
在讀的（含2020年畢業(yè)生）全日制大學本科、碩士或博士生，不限國家和地區(qū)。
評審：
2020年9～10月于內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)大學建筑學院舉行，評選出的入圍作品將同期在本平臺進行為期一周的公示。
公布：
評審結果將在公示結束后及時公布；獲獎作品及評委點評，將刊登于2020年出版的《建筑師》雜志上。
其他：
1.每組參賽作品的作者不得超過三名，指導教師不得超過兩名。參賽作者必須為在校的大學本科生、碩士或博士生，如發(fā)現(xiàn)不符者，將取消其參賽資格。
2.本次競賽無需報名，不收取參賽者報名費或注冊費；確定提交參賽作品方需提交圖紙打印費用。
3.本次競賽無實際場地和具體任務書的詳細要求，可根據(jù)條件自行擬定。（注：提醒參賽者，在方案設計之前，請務必仔細審題，并嚴格按提交圖面中的各項要求完成圖紙繪制。1000平方米場地設計的總平面圖，10000平方米范圍的環(huán)境關系圖，場地建筑與自然地景的剖面透視圖，空間形式與地景關系的模型圖紙或照片，建筑的平面圖、立面圖、剖面圖，以上圖紙均需在圖紙中表達，否則圖紙將視為無效。）
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【執(zhí)委會大賽秘書長】
李鴿
《建筑師》雜志主編
【執(zhí)委會聯(lián)絡委員】
陳海嬌、劉川、柳冉
【聯(lián)系電話】
010—58337043/7115/7029/7105
主辦單位
中國建筑出版?zhèn)髅接邢薰尽督ㄖ煛冯s志社
廣州市天作建筑規(guī)劃設計有限公司
內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)大學建筑學院
英文版丨English
▼
【TOPIC】
Architecture of Landscape with Nature
【TOPIC MAKER】
WANG Weijen
Director of Wang Weijen Architecture;
Professor of Department of Architecture,University of Hong Kong
【BRIEF】
Architecture globally is now facing critical challenges on how to work with nature that relate more broadly to the human condition in the face of environmental and social crises.For the past hundred years,in the context of economic development and its un-limited consumption of natural resources,land reclamation has drastically turned major forests,first into farmlands and then eventually into built-land for development.Confronted with global warming and the increasingly fragile ecology of our earth,how can architecture coexist with natural environment?With global resource depletion and social in-justice,how can architecture sustain humanity and ecology by coordinating with communities,respecting nature and landscape,facilitating the recycling of resources and creating a sharing society?
After nearly a half-century of accelerating urbanization,the scale of expansion for buildings and cities in China has been drastically multiplied reaching a speed that has never appeared in the human history before.By transforming the agricultural and culture landscape into speculative real-estate for construction and despite the proliferation of green building regulations for implementing sustainable strategies we are actually moving further away from an architecture of landscape and nature.With a rich cultural background comprising art,literature and philosophy historically developed in relation to nature,how could a new architecture in China contribute to discourses of landscape and sustainability that are rooted in nature and ecology?
An architecture of landscape integrates architecture with the landscape.It is an integral part of an ecological system working together with geology and topography,location and hydrology,green plants and other organic lives.Beyond addressing the visual pleasure of certain landscape architecture,an architecture of landscape makes architecture part of the cultural landscape of place.The cultural landscape of place comprises relationships with production and inhabitation as well nature and ecology.An architecture of landscape is both landscape architecture as well as architectural landscape.It requires great attention to the variation of contour and datum levels,a good understanding of water flow on and beneath the ground,knowledge of the movement of the sun and the change of the wind,and a strong perceptual and ecological understanding of the trees and forest,insects and floras.
An architecture of landscape not only addresses the visual integration of architecture with landscape,it also addresses the functional integration of architecture into its natural environment including ventilation and lighting,water,energy and resource recycling within the natural ecology.At the same time,an architecture of landscape integrates materials and construction with nature exploring a sustainable tectonics of poetic beauty.An architecture of landscape could most likely be low-rise,however,multi-story or tall buildings could be adopted strategically as they may help conserve land for nature.An architecture of landscape is phenomenological and perceptual.It is a natural landscape of memory with a sense of place.An architecture of landscape reflects the aesthetics of authenticity integrating a culture of simplicity with nature and its ecological environment.An architecture of landscape also stresses the beauty of societies with openness and justice allowing communal and civic participation in the building up of the foundation of nature conservation and environmental protection.
Choose a building site of around 1000㎡from an urban-rural environment of 10000㎡,in which you understand the transformations of its culture and natural landscape through studies and land-traces.
Weather it is a place among nature or a piece of natural landscape within a city,avoid choosing environmental or ecologically sensitive site that should not be built upon,without a strong reasoning.You are to identify the meaningful natural elements and cultural landscape:hillsides and valleys,trees and fields,streams and lakes,insects and fishes,cottages and stone-walls.Within the 1000㎡chosen site,design a building or a building complex with floor area of no less than 100㎡and no more than 1000㎡.Your design should have more than one floor-level.It should be used for certain functions such as living,working,learning or experiencing.You are to think critically on how to achieve a symbiotic relationship between architecture,landscape,ecology and environment,illustrate in your design how the site and architectural spaces interact with natural elements of topography,tree,water,land and climate.Please consider the changes your building undergoes from day to night and through the seasons.Consider how water and air flow through your building.Pay attention to how sunlight and shade moves in your spaces.Figure out how the building can shelter you from rain,snow and wind,while also facilitating air and light circulation within so that the building breathes.
The most important thing is to imagine,100 years later,how an architecture of landscape can sustain its symbiotic relationship with nature,when the human condition and events have transformed and renewed,and the new life of architecture begins.
Reference Readings:
-Ian L.McHarg:Design with Nature(Sea and Survival;The City:Process and Form).
-Kevin Lynch:Site Planning(2.Site Form and Site Ecology;9.Sensuous Forms).
-Christian Norberg-Schultz:
Genius Loci-Toward a Phenomenology of Architecture(I Place;II Natural Place).
-Kenneth Frampton:Toward a Critical Regionalism:Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance.
DIRECTOR OF THE JURY
WANG Jianguo
Academician at Chinese Academy of EngineeringDirector of National Supervision Board of Architectural Education(China)Professor of School of Architecture,Southeast UniversityDirector of The Architect Editorial Board
JURY MEMBERS
ZHUANG WeiminAcademician at Chinese Academy of EngineeringDirector＆Professor of School of Architecture,Tsinghua UniversityDirector＆Chief Architect of Architectural Design and Research Institute of Tsinghua University Co.，LTD.
WANG WeijenDirector of Wang Weijen ArchitectureProfessor of Department of Architecture,University of Hong Kong
LI CundongSecretary General of Architectural Society of ChinaChief Inspector of China Construction Technology Group
TONG MingProfessor，College of Architecture and Urban Planning,Tongji UniversityFounder and principal architect of TM Studio,Shanghai
DONG GongFounder/Design Principal of Vector ArchitectsForeign Member of French Academy of ArchitecturePlym Distinguished Visiting Professor，University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
ZHANG PengjuMaster of Engineering Investigation and Design across the NationProfessor,College of Architecture,Inner Mongolia University of Technology
LI ShaoyunGeneral Manager and Design Director of TEAMZERO
LI GeEditor-in-Chief of The Architect,China Architecture Publishing&Media Co.,Ltd.
AWRDS
The 1st Prize(One Winner):Certificate+
￥80,000
The 2nd Prize(Two Winners):Certificate+
￥50,000
The 3rd Prize(Five Winners):Certificate+
￥10,000
The Excellence Prize(Ten Winners):Certificate+6 issues of The Architect magazine in a year
【SUBMISSION REQUIREMENTS】
Submission Materials
1.Design Drawings:One A0(1189mm×841mm)board in JPG format,the information which is necessary to explain the design is encouraged to submit.Content may include but not limited to site plan covering the 1000㎡site，location plan indicating the 10000㎡context，sectional perspective illustrating the architecture with landscape，model illustrating the spatial form with landscape，architectural plan elevation and section.A design note within 500 words is also contained.The resolution of the board must be no less than 300dpi.
2.Design Note:It should be in DOC format and no more than 500 words.
3.Author Information:The information collection table is available for download on the web site.(http://thearchitect.cabp.com.cn/ch/index.aspx)
4.Declaration of the Originality:The commitment is available for download on the web site.(http://thearchitect.cabp.com.cn/ch/index.aspx)
5.Statement of Student’s Status:The competition is open to all in-school students from China and overseas.A certification with college seal is needed to confirm identity.
6.Entry Fee:The competition is free but entrants need to pay the cost of printing drawings.After the payment,the entrant would get a【Reference Number】with three numbers from logistics information and this number would be used when submitting the works.Scan the following QR code to pay and submit the screenshot of payment voucher（in JPG Format）with your entry to the E-mail:thearchitect1979 cabp.com.cn.Please remember to get the【Reference Number】.
Submission Method:Please submit all the materials to E-mail:thearchitect1979 cabp.com.cn.Name Format of e-mail and attachment:[Reference Number]Name of Entrant’s University,Name of Entrant,Telephone Number.
Date of Submission:
Please submit all the materials to E-mail before 17：00,Sep 8,2020(24:00 China Standard Time).And you will receive our mail as a response.
Contestants:
This competition is open to all in-school students from China and overseas,including the students who would finish the study in 2020.
Selection Process:
The entries will be selected at College of Architecture,IMUT during September to October,2020.And the results will be displayed to public online for a week at the same time.Publication：The final results will be known until the selection process is completed.The award-winning works and critics will be published in The Architect No.208.
REGULATIONS:
1.There are not more than three participants and at most two tutors per group.The competition is open to all in-school students from China and overseas.
2.No registration is required.The competition is free but entrants need to pay the cost of printing drawings.
3.No specific location site is required and no extra tasks are given.Entrants could choose those stuffs by yourselves.(PS:Entries will not be reviewed if any of the rules or submission requirements are not considered.Content may include but not limited to site plan covering the 1000m2site,location plan indicating the 10000m2context,sectional perspective illustrating the architecture with landscape,model illustrating the spatial form with landscape,architectural plan elevation and section.
4.Participants are not allowed to submit a project that was also submitted for a different competition which ends before the results of TEAMZERO Award Architecture Students Design Competition are announced.
5.The copyright of the entry belongs to the author and the publishing right belongs to the Architect.
6.Entries should be originated;Plagiarism is prohibited.
7.Competition Consultation:Scan the following QR code to join our QQ group（ID:775343930）.
【Secretary-General of Competition】
LI Ge
Editor-in-Chief of The Architect
【Contact】
CHEN Haijiao；LIU Chuan；LIU Ran
010—58337043/7115/7029/7105
【Sponsor】
The Architect,China Architecture Publishing&Media Co.,Ltd.
TEAMZERO Architecture and Planning Co.,Ltd.Guangzhou
College of Architecture,Inner Mongolia University of Technology
作品詳見（復制以下鏈接進瀏覽器查看）：
https://www.sjdasai.com/article/sheji/44474
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